ai

Anyone playing console games in the early 2000s clearly grasped something that is often lost in contemporary debates on “AI”. Back in the early 2000s, you had two main options for playing beach volley on a console: “ Beach Spikers” for the Sega GameCube and “ Summer Heat Beach Volleyball” for PlayStation 2. You could play with multi-player or single-player modes in both of them. But when there’s just one player and the adversary is controlled by the console, who are you really playing against?